Hemorrhoids, commonly known as piles, are the most prevalent rectal condition. Hemorrhoids refer to veins in the lower part of the rectum and anus that become enlarged, similar to varicose veins. These expanded veins can be observed inside the rectum or around the anus.
About three out of four adults may experience hemorrhoid discomfort at some point. The most significant factor contributing to their development is constipation and the resulting need for straining during bowel movements. However, hemorrhoids can also develop due to various other reasons besides constipation. In the initial stage (first degree), lifestyle changes adopted by individuals may lead to the improvement of hemorrhoids. However, the healing of more advanced stages of hemorrhoids relies on medical treatment. In the current era of rapid and modern developments in the field of health, the treatment of hemorrhoids can be carried out conveniently within minutes.
Types of Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoid disease is divided into two types: internal and external. Patients may often experience confusion in distinguishing between the two. Protruding masses from the anus are commonly referred to as external hemorrhoids, even though they are internal hemorrhoids. These internal hemorrhoids can occasionally swell, cause pain, and lead to difficulty sitting or walking when severely swollen. External hemorrhoids, on the other hand, manifest as lumps resembling sebaceous cysts around the anus and are less commonly observed in the general population. The majority of individuals facing hemorrhoid issues typically deal with internal hemorrhoids.
Symptoms of Hemorrhoids
As mentioned earlier, hemorrhoid disease is classified into internal and external, resulting in different sets of symptoms.
Internal Hemorrhoid Symptoms
Internal hemorrhoids develop inside the rectum. In the initial stages, internal hemorrhoids may not be visible or noticeable. First-degree internal hemorrhoids, which rarely cause symptoms, may only present with bleeding, which can be observed as bright red blood on toilet paper or around the stool.
Thrombosed hemorrhoids, occurring after the third degree, can cause pain and bleeding. Additionally, contact with underwear may lead to itching.
External Hemorrhoid Symptoms
These hemorrhoids emerge under the skin around the anus, forming swellings that can cause pain. Itching and irritation may also occur. Like internal hemorrhoids, bleeding can also be a symptom of external hemorrhoids.
Causes of Hemorrhoids
- Constipation/straining
- Prolonged sitting on the toilet
- Excess weight
- Pregnancy
- Anal intercourse
- Regular heavy lifting
Preventing Hemorrhoids
By paying attention to the factors mentioned above, there is a chance of improvement in the initial stages of hemorrhoids, or symptoms may significantly decrease.
- Avoiding constipation and never straining during bowel movements are crucial.
- Spending too much time on the toilet should be avoided; it is recommended to leave within 1-2 minutes. Items such as phones, magazines, tablets, or newspapers, which encourage prolonged sitting, should not be brought into the bathroom.
- Hemorrhoids can also occur in individuals who engage in regular heavy lifting due to sports or work-related activities.
When to See a Doctor for Hemorrhoids
If there is bleeding during bowel movements and the measures taken at home do not lead to improvement, it is essential to consult a general surgery specialist experienced in proctology.
It should be noted that not all rectal bleeding indicates hemorrhoids. Therefore, when bleeding is observed, it should not be delayed, and a medical examination should be sought.
Consequences of Untreated Hemorrhoids
Many hemorrhoid patients are familiar with the consequences of delaying treatment due to embarrassment. The disease has four different stages, and in the case of fourth-degree hemorrhoids, even going to the toilet for a bowel movement may become unbearable. This is because bleeding and a burning sensation can make life extremely uncomfortable.
